Freely moving rats were bled for 6 h, with intracerebroventricular injections taking place after a 2-h control bleeding period. Rats were implanted with intracerebroventricular cannulae and cardiac catheters for frequent (every 5 min) automated serial blood sampling. Using the ovariectomized (OVX) and OVX 17β-estradiol-replaced rat models, we have carried out a series of in vivo neuropharmacological and electrophysiological experiments to elucidate the hierarchy between the kisspeptin, NKB, and Dyn signaling systems. It is thought that these neuropeptides interact to regulate gonadotropin secretion. ![]() ![]() Neurokinin B (NKB) and its receptor (neurokinin-3 receptor) are coexpressed with kisspeptin and dynorphin A (Dyn) within neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, the suggested site of the GnRH pulse generator.
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